英语真题阅读第1篇BUFFETZONELucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringhers下面是小编为大家整理的英语真题阅读13篇,供大家参考。
BUFFET ZONE
Lucy Robertson started working at a takeaway food business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University, Several years later she had bought the business and now, 17 years on, she owns Grapevine Caterers, probably Scotland"s leading independent caterers, with a turnover of almost ￡
She had never planned to own a business, and had certainly never considered a career in (0) . However, her unplanned career began in 1985, when she returned to Edinburgh and discovered that the takeaway she had worked in was up for On impulse, she bought it, but admits that at the time she knew nothing about (8) was a difficult time, but essential in terms of gaining the experience she The late 1980s boom was good for business, with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway food for their (9)"At one point there were 26 food outlets within a 5-kilometre radius," Robertson As the economy changed and the once packed office blocks started tobecome vacant, it became clear that Robertson would need to (10) changed the direction of the company for
As Robertson began to win catering contracts, she decided that the company would have to move to larger In 1994, the move was made when she bought another catering business that already had a number of profitable contracts for boardroom
Meanwhile, Robertson"s main competitor, the oldest catering company in Edinburgh, was causing her some "Customer loyalty is not to be underestimated," she But Robertson is not someone who is easily put (11) as a result of this, turnover doubled, and having outgrown another site, Robertson bought a city-centre location for the group"s
By now, Grapevine"s main competitor was a new catering company called Although Robertson tried to raise enough money to buy Towngates, she did not luck intervened and Towngates went (12) accepted and the company"s turnover went from ￡700,000 to ￡l .5 million almost
However, the company"s growth was not as smooth as it sounds in Robertson admits, "We were close to the edge during the growth Like many under-capitalised companies trying to grow, it might easily have " But that, she feels, is the challenge of developing your own
A But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of Scotland before Robertson turns her attention
B Her way round this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival
C But this demand was short-lived, and before long, increasing competition made it harder to make a
D "It was a dramatic learning curve and very small amounts of money were earned at first,’says
E She decided that the solution, since many companies required working lunches for meetings with clients, was to prepare and deliver meals to business
F On hearing this, Robertson immediately contacted all of their clients and offered the services of Grapevine
G Instead, she studied accountancy after leaving university, and a steady if unspectacular professional path seemed
Personal Assistant of the Year
0 Anne-Marie Garrard was shocked when it was announced that she had won the
00 Personal Assistant of the Year ‘The other candidates seemed me
34 to be very strong, and I have to say I found that the selection procedure really
35 hard," she "I didn"t think I had any chance of When I heard my
36 name, my legs were so weak I could only hardly stand up," she So
37 how is "the best" personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good
38 and very different individuals? The final decision was reached after a
39 day-long session of the tests, interviews and Garrard believes
40 the skills she uses in her job helped her how to perform For instance, although
41 most of her work is for her company"s Managing Director, she works for six bosses
42 in all, so she always tries out to be prepared for anything that might
43 As for the future, her firm has closed for its summer break now; as soon as
44 they will open again, there is a pay rise waiting for But Garrard is not
45 going to be She says, "There"s always room for personal must keep trying to
这篇文章讲的是一个女生获得个人助理奖后的情况。表达了一下激动了心情并且展望了未来。
34题，find后面直接可以接复合结构，例如find the story very interesting。如果是find that的话，that后面要接从句。所以这里that多余。
35题，正确的
36题，从意思上理解，说的是由于激动差点都站不起来，I could hardly stand up。Only多余。
37题，extremely是副词，直接用来修饰good，so在这里多余。
38题，正确的
39题，tests, interviews and exercises并不是特指，不需要用the。
40题，help do 固定词组，how多余
41题，正确的
42题，try out是试验，考验的意思，后面一般接for，这里应该直接用tries to be表示尝试。
43题，正确的
44题，as soon as，一…就，后面从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时，所以will多余。
45题，be going to后面直接接动词，表示将来的动作，如果有be的话后面接形容词。relax是动词，所以be多余
26-30 K D M O A
31-35 F H I C B
A. associated （v +ed.） 与…相关联
B. examine（v.）检查；
检测
C. indicate（v.）意味；
指示；
象征
D. nuisance（n.）讨厌的人或事
E. peak（n.）巅峰；
峰值
F. preventing（v +ing.）防止；
组织
G. prohibiting（v +ing.）禁止
H. sensitive（a.）敏感的
I. slight（a.）微小的
J. specify（v.）详细说明；
指定
K. superior（a.）高超的；
优秀的
L. suspicious（a.）可疑的
M. tip（n.）尖端
N. treated（v +ed）被治疗的"；
被对待的
O. visual（a.）视觉的
36. I
定位：段落第一句，”Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation ,in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”
37. E
定位：段落首句。”Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams.”
38. C
定位：段落第三句“He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.”
39. D
定位：段落首句“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.”
40. B
定位：
have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I Learned this, figuring I Had a full week to do the research.
41. H
定位：here are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
42. G
定位：students’ test-form preferences vary ,too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
43. F
定位：Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help.
44. A
定位：So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
45. J
定位：“I like in-classs exams because the time is already reserved ,as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
46-50 D C A C B
51-55 D A A C B
In the last few years, managers throughout industry haveseen more changes than many of them could have expected tosee in their entire working lives having to communicateinformation which often leads to feelings of insecurity hasbecome a key From being regarded as relativelyunimportant in many companies , management employeecommunication has become a central corporate
Concordia International provides a good example of acompany that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 ,Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led,customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, ratherthan inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the In the last eightyears, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than people - or 35% -on a voluntarybasis, with further downsizing
From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, topersuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring withthem new opportunities for However, this is not an easy People tend to beskeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they haveworked for over many This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are beingswept away , including the core activities of the company they work Above all , they have hadto face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for
Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of The bulk ofemployees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the onehand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their jobas a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their localterm , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, mayrespond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at thecompany for what they see as changing the terms of their
The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing itsmessages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is whymiddle managers and line managers are so key to They are the people who knowabout the full rage of concerns among the The problem in the past was that this crucialarea was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated Concordia puts responsibilityfor communication firmly on line All their research points to the same conclusion: peopleprefer to get their information face-to-face from their line That is the key relationshipand where arguments and hearts and minds –are
The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soonas you If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourselfto providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication isthat there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling In the last eight years, Concordia has
A made over employees reduncdant
B completed a period of downsizing
C reduced its workforce of by 35%
D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy
16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is to
A win employee support before going ahead with the changes
B change the company’s core
C emphasise the positive aspects of the changes
D explain the need for the changes
17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?
A they expect it to have a bad effect on the company
B they feel completely powerless
C they become less loyal
D they fell they have been treated unfairly
18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within anorganization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
参考答案及解析
文章取材自一本管理手册，说的是一个组织里的有效沟通问题。这套题目有些特别，不像之前的阅读的第三部分，六道题目分别依次对应文章的六个段落，这题的答案稍微分散了些。
15题，答案很明显，但是选项很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing 减少了80000员工(或者说减少了35%的员工)，预期还会减少更多。A选项是对的，made redundant是前面某套题目阅读的第五部分考过的词组;B不对，没有完成(completed)，因为预期还会裁减更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不对，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of ，用了介词of，所以这句的意思是一共就80000员工，而实际情况是减少了80000员工;D不对，35%的员工被裁减，都是在自愿的基础上的，而不是离开的人中有35%是自愿的。
16题，问根据此人的观点，沟通的角色是什么。也就是问沟通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。沟通是为了帮助人树立自信，说服他们虽然要面临一些变化，但是同样也会拥有一些新的机会。说白了，就是鼓励这些被裁的人。答案选C，强调变化的积极方面。这里的positive aspects是对前面说的bring with them new opportunities的一个概括。(想起了电影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那个老男人的工作就是职业裁员专家，专门对被裁的人说些这样的话。)
17题，问调查显示大多数人对change的反应是什么。这题在答案中也很明显，但是选项很纠结。都有点似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let ,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their 大多数员工的反应就是很失望，甚至会很愤怒。个人觉得这题出的不够严谨，没有哪个选项能严格从原文中提炼出来。对比下D要好点，因为对公司失望和愤怒，就是觉得受到了不公正的待遇。此题有待高手补充更完美的理由。
18题，问沟通过程主要依赖于什么。答案是第五段的这句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜欢面对面的从直属经理那里获取信息。所以选C，个人的交流。
19题，问组织内部提供信息的指导准则是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。尽可能的快，尽可能的多。不能提供细节的，至少给个大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。时机成熟了，再告知更多。选B：在可能的最早的阶段让人有个总体的印象。
20题，给文章选标题。这种题在BEC的阅读里还真不多见。选标题，就是要挑选文章的最主要意思，从整体上把握文章的main ideas。这篇文章通篇说的就是communication，前面介绍了沟通的背景：裁员;接着说了员工对裁员的反应;然后最后两段，一段说员工喜欢什么样的沟通方式，一段说沟通的原则是什么。综合起来，就是关于怎样进行有效沟通的问题。选B。A不对，片面了，只是文中某部分的内容，并且这部分内容是为后面做背景介绍，不是主要的;C不对，不是简单的research，research仅仅是介绍状况，文章还有关于实现措施的。
26. G exposure
27. L levels
28. F enroll
29. O participated
30. C championships
31. E developing
32. M local
33. N operates
34. J graduating
35. B career
36. C 37.H 38.D 39.O 40.L
41.B 42.I 43.F 44.L 45.E
46-50 BBACD
46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?
B）They are growing fast without becoming richer
定位：第一段第二句及第四句。第二句What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly对应growing fast, 第四句sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have.
47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?
B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.
定位：第二段第二句：Most of Africa is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did.下文又提到因为收入低，所以缺少投资的钱。
48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?
A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.
定位：第二段最后一句:… the only light rail metro system…keep investors away.
49. In what way does author say African cities are different?
C) They have developed at the expense of nature.
定位：第三段第一句和第四句
50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?
D) A more responsible government
定位：末段第五句。
51-55 BCADD
51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have___.
B) an ambition to get ahead
第一段中：
For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home.
52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?
C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
第二段中：
Overwhelmingly， the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.
53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?
A) It still remains open to debate.
第四段中：
In the past seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success…they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal…do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.
54. How do some people view college education these days?
D) It helps broaden their minds.
第六段：
While some…see college as a way to gain new perspective and life experiences.
55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?
D) A clear aim and high motivation.
第七段中：
Sixty-year-old Will Fendley…thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education…
一、单词分译
单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小旬或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。
例：We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic 我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。
二、短语分译
短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。
例1：These cheerful little trams，dating back to 1 873，chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every 这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年，嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响，每个窗口都是人。(介词短语分泽)
例2：The military is forbidden to kill the vessel，a relatively easy 军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译)
三、转换译
转译是指商务英语翻译中语言的词性和表现形式的改变。由于英语和汉语的表达习惯和句子结构的不同，在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。为了适应译文语言的表达习惯和语法规则，在商务英语翻译中必须运用词类和表现方法的转换技巧。
词性的转换
如：Please let US know if our terms are 请告知是否接受我方条款。(形容词acceptable转类为动词)
句型的转换
如：We have to make it sure that the remittance of commission made as such is not against local 我们得确保这样汇付佣金不违反当地规定。
四、顺序译法
有些英语语句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。
例：In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial 【分析】
按意群的关系，该句可以拆分为四部分：In international buying and selling of goods/there are a number of risks/if they occur/which will involve traders in financial 原文各句的逻辑关系，表达次序与汉语基本一致，因此可以按原文译出。参考译文：(在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险，这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。
五、逆序译法
“逆序译法”又称“倒置译法”，主要指句子的前后倒置问题。有些英语语句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这是因为汉语在叙述动作时一般按照动作发生的先后顺序排列，而英语在叙述动作时，更多的是使用各种语法手段将动作的先后顺序打乱。这就要求我们必须从原文的后面泽起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例：Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something--something，that is，other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your
【分析】
该句可以拆分为四部分：Unless you are prepared to eat in silence/you have to talk about something/_something，that is，other than the business deal/which you are continually chewing over in your 这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，所以宜用逆译法。参考译文：吃饭时你必须随便谈些与生意无关的事情，否则你只能埋头吃饭。你什么都可以谈，但就是不能谈你脑子里一直在反复琢磨的生意。
六、术语精确
商务翻译中有许多涉及经济、贸易、法律等方面的专业术语。要精确传达原文的信息，使读者准确理解原文，译者必须使用标准的，对等的专业术语，如果不全面了解这些术语，在翻译中会不够地道，甚至让人不知所云。例如：
open policy预约保险单
flexible container软包装
bill of lading(B/L)提单
(physical distribution)实物配送
(dead weight tonnage)载重
shipping documents装船单据
FOB(free on board)船上交货价
Force Majeure不可抗拒力
Consolidation拼箱，集运
general average共同海损
七、语气恰当
在商务活动中，礼貌原则是非常重要的。在商务交往及商务文本中，双方都尽量措辞严谨，语气温和。在商务活动中，中西方都有一些固定的表达方式可以使商务文本严肃可信。这种情况下，译者可以在准确传达原意的基础上，采取归化翻译手段使译文更易于接受。
1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work
2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again
3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations
4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions
5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance
6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness
7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain area
Coaching
A
Coaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have come up recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent Coaching thus transfers skills and information from one person to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used to advise and guide the individual being It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening
B
Coaching means influencing the learner"s personal development, for example his or her confidence and It can take place any time during an individual"s Coaching is intended to assist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning It begins where skills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation with their coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons for doing
C
The coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normal manager/subordinate In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of However, it can provide a space for discussion and feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns, confidence-building and time Through coaching, an organisation can meet skills shortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, all at short
D
Effective coaches are usually those who get satisfaction from the success of others and who give time to the coaching Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development, either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or by providing added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present A coach is also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches to complex management, organisational and change
选词填空：
This idea of taxing things that are…
discouraging
impaired
instrumental
incentives
probably
dividend
inherently
信息匹配：
Slow Hope
[E] Some of today "s narratives aboutthe future seem tosuggest that wetoo，likePrometheus， will be saved by a newHercules ，a divineengineer someone who will master-mind， manoeuvre andmanipulate our planet .
acknowledgement of ourpresent ecologi-cal plight but also a language of pasitivechange， visions ofabetterfuture .
[C] Today we can no longer ignore theecological cursesthat we have released in our search for warmth and
[K] The unscrupulous (无所忌的)commodificationoffood and the destruction of foodstuffs wilcontinue to dev-a states oils， livelihoods andecologies .
[D] Acceleration is the signature ofour time .
[G] This much is clear we need to findways that help usflatten the hockey-stick curves that reflect ourever-fasterpace of ecological destruction and social acceleration .
[A] Our world is full of-mostlyuntold-star ies of slowhope， driven by the idea thatchange is possible .
[F] Yet，ifweenvisage our salvation to come from a deusexmachina(解围之种)， from a divine engineer or a techsolutionist who wll miraculously conjure up a new source ofenergy or another cure-allwith revolutionary patency ，wemight be looking in thewrong place .
44[L] We need an acknowledgement of ourpresent eco lagi-cal plight but also a language of positive change ， visions ofabetter future .
[B] At the beginning of time-so goesthe myth-humanssuffered ， shivering in the cold anddark until the titan(巨人) Prometheus stole fire from
仔细阅读：
) The near impossibility ofappreciating art in an age of mass
) It is quite common to misinterpretartistic
) Good management is key to handlinglarge crowds
possible to combineentertainment with apprecia-tion of serious
Helpustosee the world from adifferent
) It takes no notice of the potentialimpact on the
It has the capacity and thefinancial resources to do
) Farming consumes most of ournatural
) Its alleged failure to regulate
) Endeavor to ensure the sustainabledevelopment
英语六级的分数计算：听力分数占总分35%共249分、阅读分数占总分35%共249分、综合分数占总分10%共70分、写作和翻译分数占总分20%共142分。
由国家教育部任命成立“全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会”，考试委员会由全国若干重点大学的有关教授和专家组成，设顾问二人，主任委员一人，副主任委员若干人，专业委员会委员和咨询委员会委员各若干人。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会在学术上、组织上对大学英语考试负责。部分考务工作由“教育部考试中心”负责。考试委员会设办公室作为常设办事机构。
全国大学英语六级考试的主要对象是高等学校修完大学英语四级的本科生;同等程度的大专生或硕士研究生经所在学校同意，可在本校报名参加考试;同等程度的夜大或函授大学学生经所在学校同意，可在本校报名参加考试;1987年后毕业需要补考的大学本科毕业生。
符合大学英语六级考试报名条件的人员包括：全日制普通高校专科、本科和研究生中的在校生;另外，本校已设六级考点，原则上不得跨校考试。大学英语六级考试是一项大规模标准化考试，这种考试属于尺度相关常模参照性考试(criterion-relatednorm-referencedtest)，即以教学大纲为考试的依据，但同时又反映考生总体的正态分布情况。
Trouble with Teamwork
Mary Owen examines the role and efficiency of teams
Recruiters say that candidates who can give examples of work they have done as members of a successful team are in as strong a position as those who can point to significant individual Indeed, too much of the latter may suggest that the person concerned is not a "team player" - one of the more serious failings in the book of
The importance of being a team player is a side effect of the increasing interaction across departments and functional Instead of pushing reports, paperwork and decisions around the organisation, "teams provide a dynamic meeting place where ideas can be shared and expertise more carefully targeted at important business issues," says Steve Gardner, in his book Key Management He adds, "Globalisation has added a further dimension to Multinational teams now study policy decisions in the light of their impact on the local "
But is teamworking being overdone? "Some managers are on as many as seven or eight different teams", says Dr Cathy Bandy, a psychologist who recently ran a conference on the "They take up so much time that managers can"t get on with core " Forming teams and having meetings has, she says, become an end in itself, almost regardless of There is also the danger of an unhealthy desire to keep the team going after the work has been "People feel the need to belong, and team membership can provide a kind of psychological "
The idea behind teamworking is that, when the right group of people is brought together, a "force" develops which is greater than the sum of their individual This is often true in sport, where good players can reach unexpected heights as members of an international However,few business situations have as clear a set of objectives, or as clear criteria of success or failure, as winning a
"In business, everyone needs to be clear about what the challenge is and whether a team is the right way of approaching it", says Steve "Unfortunately, people focus instead on who the members of the team should be and what roles they are to play" Dr Bandy "There is always a danger that teams can turn into committees," she "In a lot of situations, one or two individuals would be much more "
So what makes a successful team? There are some general qualities that have been Steve Gardnerrecommends that in every team there should be someone who is good at researching ideas and another who is good at shooting down impractical There should be those who can resolve the tensions that naturally occur in a team and others who are focused on getting the job Also, providing a clear and achievable target at the outset is the best way of ensuring that the team will move on to greater
13 What point does the writer make about teamworking at the beginning of the article?
A It is the most successful form of
B It has changed the recruitment procedure in
C Well-run teams still allow individuals to demonstrate their
D Being a team player is now considered an essential management
14 According to the article, teamwork developed within companies as a response to
A modern office
B changing work
C a reduction in administrative
D the expansion of international
15 In the third paragraph, Dr Bandy suggests that
A many employees do not enjoy working in
B some managers are not very effective team
C some teams are created
D few teams are well
16 According to the writer, teamwork is more effective in the field of sport because the players
A know what they want to
B are more competitive by
C have more individual
D can be driven by national
17 Steve Gardner and Dr Bandy agree that when a business team is created people do not pay enough attention to
A the structure of the
B alternatives to the
C selecting the team
D directing the team"s
18 What is Steve Gardner"s advice on operating a successful team?
A Maintain a flexible approach to
B Allow personalities to develop within the
C Select people who fit naturally into certain
D Make every effort to avoid conflict between
《Trouble with Teamwork》，团队合作的麻烦。文章讲了团队的重要性和很多团队存在的问题，以及怎么样才能打造一个成功有效的团队。
第十三题，问文章开头作者针对团队合作做了什么论点。第一段是强调团队合作的重要性，太多的个人成果会显得这个人不是个合格的团队成员。选答案要理解第一句话的含义：Recruiters say that candidates who can give examples of work they have done as members of a successful team are in as strong a position as those who can point to significant individual 招聘者说能够给出自己作为一个成功团队成员的例子的候选人同那些指出重要的个人成果的人具有同样重要的地位。言下之意，拥有团队成员的经历也很重要。所以选D，作为一个团队成员如今被视为必要的管理技巧。A、B、C都没有提到。
第十四题，问公司内部的团队合作是作为对什么的回应。也就是问团队合作的目的是什么，答案是第二段的这么一句："teams provide a dynamic meeting place where ideas can be shared and expertise more carefully targeted at important business issues 团队提供了一个动态的会议场所，使得思想可以分享，技能可以更加仔细的对准重要的商业问题。这句里的dynamic meeting place可以对应于B段的changing work practice。
第十五题，问在第三段Dr Bandy暗示什么。答案是她的一句原话：Forming teams and having meetings has, she says, become an end in itself, almost regardless of 形成团队然后开会成了它本身的终点，几乎不管目的是什么。也就是说很多团队的建立是没有意义的，多余的。选C，一些团队被不必要的创建了。
第十六题，问作者认为团队合作在体育领域里更有效的原因是什么。第四段讲当一群正确的人被组合到一起时会产生一种高于这些人个人能力的力量，在体育比赛里就是如此。这一题的答案是第四段的最后一句：few business situations have as clear a set of objectives, or as clear criteria of success or failure, as winning a 。很少有企业能像赢得一场比赛一样有一系列清晰的目标，或者是对成功或失败有清晰的评判准则。也就是A选项所说的：知道他们想要实现什么。what they want to achieve可以对应于a set of objectives。
第十七题，问这两个人同意当一个商业团队被创立时人们没有把注意力放在什么上面。这一题要理解第五段的意思。第一句说In business, everyone needs to be clear about what the challenge is and whether a team is the right way of approaching it。在企业，每个人都必须很清楚挑战是什么以及团队是否是实现它的最好的办法。考虑团队是不是最好的办法，也就是说要考虑其他可能的途径，即B选项所说的团队的替代品(alternatives to the team)，后面有句focus instead….人们却把注意力放在了其他的地方。从这些可以看出答案是B。
第十八题，问关于运作一个成功团队Steve Gardner的建议是什么。这题的答案是对最后一段的概括。答案是最后一段第三句recommend后面的一长串there…who，要有不同的人胜任不同的角色。归纳起来，就是各司其职选C：选择能够自然融洽的胜任某个角色的人。其他几个选项都没提到。
第二段有个地方值得解释下。Globalisation has added a further dimension to teamwork。
这里的dimension用法比较特别，表示方面，特征，并且是很地道常见的说法
牛津词典的解释：an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing。
麦克米兰的解释：a part of a situation, especially when it influences the way you think about the situation。
Doing volunteer work has added a whole new dimension to my
常见搭配：an extra/added/additional/further dimension
Human Resources Policy
CBA Bank was the largest financial institution to sign the employers" "People Come First" code of practice in the early In doing so, it committed itself to the highest (0) in human resources practices such as the communication of company(19) to employees, the setting of individual training and personal (20), and the holding of regular performance (21) for all
Like other organisations, CBA is replacing the traditional hierarchy with a flatter organisational structure which gives employees more broadly defined (22) the The change is offering employees greater opportunities for work in cross-disciplinary project As a result, interpersonal (23) are extremely
The policy seems to be There is a great deal of goodwill among employees, who (24) fact that customer satisfaction is the organisation"s chief CBA claims to pursue this aim for its own (25) , rather than as a means of earning profits for
An ability to relate to all kinds of people is the most important attribute CBA looks for in (26) Graduates are (27) for a two-year period and exposed to all (28) of retail financial By the end of this training period, they will have taken their Institute of Banking examination and, if they have (29) their performance targets, they will have (30) a job at the
"On the whole, we are not looking for people straight out of college," says human resources manager Maiy "We would prefer that they had (31) experience of life and had taken a year out between school and college to travel or do some kind of "
The company has recently introduced a new policy on pay, and it is now (32) performance through bonus schemes, with the objective being to (33) employees for their achievements and
19 A designs B purposes C ends D objectives
20 A continuation B extension C development D advancement
21 A reviews B trials C revisions D judgements
22 A capacities B parts C roles D elements
23 A abilities B talents C assets D skills
24 A recommend B honour C respect D obey
25A sake B reason C behalf D cause
26 A expected B intended C potential D eventual
27 A taken on B written in C put on D drawn in
28 A fields B areas C regions D parts
29 A arrived B done C passed D met
30 A secured B reached C confirmed D fixed
31 A gained B won C earned D realised
32 A attached B linked C combined D joined
33 A return B reward C recompense D refund
《Human Resource Policy》，人力资源政策。主要是讲的CBA银行的人力资源政策，。先简单介绍了这个银行的管理结构，是扁平化的组织结构(flatter organizational structure)，而不是等级制公司(hierarchy)。总体原则是不招应届的刚出校门的毕业生，而要有一定的生活经验或者是工作经验。
第19、20、21题，这几空都是举例说明前面提到的human resources practices。19空是说的将公司的发展目标传达给员工。公司目标，用objective。purpose是指具体做某件事情的意图。这里有必要区分一下objective和purpose，看英文解释。
purpose: the reason you do something, and the thing you want to achieve when you do it
objective: something that you are working hard to achieve, especially in business or politics
第20题，个人培训和发展计划的制定。个人发展计划，personal development plans，选C。
第21题，定期的表现回顾。用review。hold在这个句子里是举行的意思。the holding of regular performance review，定期举行员工的表现回顾。
第22题，说扁平化的组织结构可以给员工更加定义广泛的角色。broadly defined roles,选C。
第23题，人际交往技巧是很重要的。interpersonal skills,是地道的说法。参见一个例句：you will need good interpersonal
第24题，这一句的意思很好理解，是说员工们越来越看重或者说是承认一个事实：顾客的满意是组织的主要目标。recommend是推荐、建议，后面不接the fact(事实)，honour是敬重，obey是遵守，这里应该选择respect。respect这里是重视或者接受的意思，看英英词典上的解释：to accept that something which is established or formally agreed is right or important and not to attempt to change it or harm it。所以这一空应该选择respect the fact，表示接受这个事实。
第25题，CBA银行追求这个目的是为着自己的利益，而不是为股东挣利润的工具。for the sake of something 或for something"s sake：for the purpose of; in the interest of; in order to achieve or preserve 为了…目的;为了…的利益;为了。。。固定用法，选A。
第26题，寻找潜在的新成员。地道的词是potential，比如potential recruits, potential staff, potential
第27题，考察的是短语take on的一个用法，雇佣：If you take someone on, you employ them to do a ;write in：to write a letter to a newspaper, television company or other organization, to state an opinion or ask something以群众来信的形式表达的意见。
第28题，把毕业生分配在各个连锁金融服务领域。用area。field做领域、范围讲的时候是指的研究、活动，region是指的具体的地区，parts是部分，应该用area。
第29题，完成目标，met the targets。
第30题，完成了目标就可以得到工作。secure：to get possession of; acquire:
第31题，招的人已经具有了一定的生活经验。gain：to obtain something that is useful, that gives you an advantage, or that is in some way positive, especially over a period of time
eg: After you"ve gained some experience teaching abroad you can come home and get a
第32题，薪酬现在和业绩挂钩。link to，联系。
第33题，reward 奖励某人。reward employees for their achievements and effort，因为功劳而奖励员工。
选词填空：
Virtually every activity that entails orfacilitates…
foreseeable
disruptions
credited
credential
信息匹配：
Why lifelong leaming is the inte mationalpassport to suc-cess
[H] Those projects are then interwovenwith fast-pacedtechnical modules (模块)learned"on-the-fly"and"atwilr depending on the nature of the project .
[E] The Bachelar"s degree could beyour passport to lifo-long learning .
[B] Why?Because universities andcurricula are designedalong the three unities of French classical tragedy ：
time，ac-tion，
[K] Sound like sciencefiction?
] In addition to technicalcapabilities ， the very nature ofprojects develops socialand entrepreneurial skills ，suc hasdesign thinking ， initiative taking ，teamleading， activity re-porting or resource planning .
[C] The university model needs toevolve .
[J] After the MSc diploma is earned ， there would be manymore stamps of lifelong learning over the
[N] Even if time were not an issue ，who will pay for life-long learning?
44[F] Recent advances in computationalmethods and datascience push us into rethinking science and engineering ，[M] This could fix the main organisational challenges fortheuniversity ，butnotforthelearners， due to lack of time-family obligations or funds .
仔细阅读：
B) People"s reluctance to becompelled to eat plantbased
A) Radically change their
B) Many people simply do not haveaccess to foods they prefer
D) It may worsen the nourishmentproblem in lowincome
A) It accepts them at the expense ofthe long-term interests of its
C) They constantly dismissothers"proposals while taking no responsibility for tacklingthe
D A distinction should be drawnbetween responsibility and fault
A Stop them from going further byagreeing with
B) They are prompted to come up withideas for making possible
C Assuming responsibility to freeoneself
Customer Services Director
0 Our client is well known as a producer of branded products in the home
00 improvement The business is experiencing a period of such significant
34 volume and profit growth and as a result is now looking to appoint itself a
35 Customer Services This position involves in reporting directly to the
36 Managing Director and key responsibilities include the control and development
37 of the process for ordering While through the management and
38 motivation of twenty staff, you will be seen the focal point of managing
39 customers" expectations, from keeping them up to date at all times with the
40 progress of their This role is a challenging one and calls for an individual
41 with those top-level interpersonal and communication skills and a good
42 understanding of process In return for the company offers the
43 right candidate with a highly competitive salary and benefits Assistance
44 with relocation expenses, if appropriate, that is also If you feel you have
45 the qualifications for this exciting role and are looking for a challenge, please write in confidence to:
这篇文章是一则招聘启事，招的是客户服务总监(customer services director)。简单介绍了一下公司的情况以及这个工作的职责。
34题，appoint是及物动词，后面直接接人，表示任命，itself在这里多余;
35题，involve doing，in多余，这是常见的地道的表述。看个例句：What do research jobs involve doing?
36题，正确
37题，这行要联系下一行，从整体上来体会句子的含义。介词through表方式，连词while是多余的。这句的意思是通过对20个员工的管理和激励，你会成为管理客户期望的焦点。
38题，be和seen在这里谓语动词重复了，必须去掉一个。从意思上看，是说你可以成为什么，而不是你可以看见什么。所以用you will be,seen多余。
39题，keeping them up to date …现在分词作伴随状语，是对前面的补充说明。介词from在这里是多余的。
40题，正确
41题，with后面直接接宾语，代词those是多余的
42题，in return是固定搭配，表示相应的，反过来，for多余
43题，offer sth固定搭配，with多余。offer与with搭配时是offer with
44题，中间的if appropriate是插入语，可以不予考虑，整个句子就是assistance with relocation expenses是主语，is是谓语，后面是宾语，主谓宾都很齐全，that是多余的
45题，正确。这一行有个词组，in confidence，是in secrecy的意思。
